General Information
Groundhogs, also called woodchucks, are large rodents found only in North America. They are one of 14 species of marmots, a group that also includes ground squirrels. These stout creatures prefer woodland areas and sport sharp claws that make them expert burrowers. In fact, groundhog burrows can be 6 feet deep and 20 feet wide! With dozens of entrances, these elaborate underground tunnel systems protect groundhogs from predators and keep them warm throughout the winter. Groundhogs are herbivores, preferring to snack on fruit, plants, tree bark, and grasses. As “true” hibernators, they build up fat throughout the summer to prepare for winter. Not only do they not eat during the cold months, but groundhogs can also reduce their heart rate from 80 beats per minute to just five beats per minute!
Weather Forecasting?
The tradition of Groundhog’s Day has its origins in ancient European weather lore. This European custom first involved a wild badger or sacred bear, but when German immigrants settled in the Pennsylvania area, the event shifted to using local fauna—the groundhog. According to tradition, if a groundhog sees its shadow on February 2, there will be six more weeks of winter. If the animal does not see its shadow, we’ll enjoy an early spring. Whether you believe this myth or not, the Museum’s groundhog ambassador, Buckeye Chuck, is Ohio’s official weather-predicting groundhog!
Murray, aka "Buckeye Chuck" lives at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. Murray is a wonderful animal ambassador who often participates in live animal programs, teaching the public about the importance of Ohio's native wildlife.
Lifespan
Wild: 3–6 years
Captivity: 10–12 years
Fun Facts
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Other names for groundhogs include whistle pigs, woodchucks, and land beavers.
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Groundhogs are the largest species in the squirrel family.
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Groundhog tunnel systems are so extensive, they include multiple bathrooms!
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This species naturally fertilizes the land surrounding its burrows by carrying essential fungal spores, plant matter, feces, and other organic material into their homes.
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A groundhog's four incisors never stop growing! These teeth can grow 1/16 of an inch per week, allowing the species to chew heavier vegetation.